A thyroid profile, also known as a thyroid function test, is a blood test that evaluates how well the thyroid gland is working. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. The test typically measures three main components:
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates the production of thyroid hormones. High or low TSH levels can indicate thyroid dysfunction.
- Thyroxine (T4): The primary hormone produced by the thyroid, T4 helps control the body’s metabolism. It exists in two forms: free T4 (unbound and active) and total T4 (bound to proteins). Abnormal T4 levels may suggest an underactive or overactive thyroid.
- Triiodothyronine (T3): T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone and plays a crucial role in controlling metabolism. Like T4, it can be measured as free T3 and total T3.
A thyroid profile may also include Free T4 and Free T3 tests, which measure the unbound and biologically active forms of the hormones.
This test is often used to diagnose thyroid conditions such as:
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), which can cause fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), leading to weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety.
It can also help monitor the treatment of thyroid disorders. Depending on the symptoms or underlying conditions, the healthcare provider may order specific tests to provide a complete picture of thyroid health.
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